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Carrier pigeons have an innate ability known as magnetoreception, which enables them to detect and orient themselves based on magnetic fields. Humans lack this ability, but many bird species have the skill to varying degrees. Rock pigeons with the most potent ability are bred to create robust and reliable homing pigeons.

Throughout history, pigeons have been recognized as reliable messengers. For instance, Genghis Khan used the pigeon post to stay in touch with remote parts of his empire. Similarly, messenger pigeons were used in ancient Greece to announce significant events such as the Olympics.

#homingpigeons #messengerpigeons #pigeonpost

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References:
https://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/2012/09/25/the-pigeon-post/
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701575104
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.3768
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.21

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https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/how-did-the-pigeon-post-work.html

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8 0

A frequent reason for a healthy cat to refuse to eat from a bowl with plenty of food left behind is that the cat may have whisker fatigue. Some cats experience whisker fatigue when their highly sensitive whiskers are constantly being brushed up or touched against a surface, such as the sides of a bowl.

This is why cats generally eat from the center of the bowl. When the amount of food in the center gets depleted (and the base of the bowl becomes visible), the cat simply stops eating, as it realizes that eating from the sides of the bowl will hurt or cause stress. This is also why a really hungry cat will sometimes tip the bowl and eat their food off the floor; this way, its whiskers don’t brush against the sides of the bowl, but they still get to finish their meal!

#catbehavior #shycat #whiskerfatigue

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References:
https://dss.ncf.edu/neuro/2019/04/08/whiskers-in-cats-an-introduction/
https://news.okstate.edu/articles/veterinary-medicine/2017/whisker-fatigue-cats.html
https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/ROA-Times/issues/1997/rt9702/970202/02030002.htm

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https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/why-do-cats-stop-eating-when-the-bottom-of-the-bowl-is-visible-but-theres-still-food.html

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25 4

Simply switching off your phone data won’t completely eliminate radio wave emissions, even when your phone is on standby mode. This is because the phone needs to be connected to a nearby cell tower to be online and available for calls and messages. Therefore, radio waves will still be emitted to maintain the phone’s connectivity.

In addition, there are other passive features, like Bluetooth, which will still emit radiation to remain connected to nearby devices, like Bluetooth speakers, headphones, and TVs.

Therefore, turning off your phone’s data or WiFi can lower your exposure to radiation, but it won’t completely eliminate it.

#mobileradiation #radiationprotection #radiowaves

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References:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.019
https://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Fulltext/2020/05000/Principles_for_Non_Ionizing_Radiation_Protection.1.aspx?context=FeaturedArticles&collectionId=2
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113041

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17 0

Isotopes are variants of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although isotopes have the same number of protons, which defines the element's identity, they can exhibit different atomic masses due to varying neutron counts. This difference in mass leads to unique properties and behaviors among isotopes of the same element.

Radiometric dating is one of the most significant applications of isotopes. Scientists use the decay of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of rocks, fossils, and archaeological artifacts. For instance, Carbon-14 dating relies on the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of organic materials. Isotopes have extensive medical uses, particularly in diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provides valuable insights into geological processes, climate change, and environmental studies.

#isotopes #chemistry #radioactivity

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144 13

Yes, metals can exist in gaseous forms. To illustrate, let's consider lead, which has a boiling point of 1740°C. When heated past its melting point of 327°C, lead turns into a gas at 1740°C. Another notable example is mercury, which boils at a comparatively lower temperature of 356.7°C among metals.

However, gaseous forms of metals do not retain the properties characteristic of solid metals, such as metallic bonds, conductivity, ductility, or lustrous appearance. Thus, once metals enter a gaseous state, they cease to exhibit the defining qualities of metals and behave merely as elements in their gaseous states, retaining characteristics distinct from their 'parent' element, i.e., "mercury gas."

#statesofmatter #gaseousmetal #atomicstructures

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References:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/metal.html
https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/physical_metals.htm

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13 3

Before a cork is installed in a bottle, it is in cylindrical form with a diameter slightly less than the neck of the bottle. At that point, there’s no problem putting the cork inside, thanks to its ability to be easily compressed when an external force is applied.

Once in place, the cork expands and closes the opening of the bottle. This is why champagne corks appear mushroom-shaped when taken out; the curvature of the cork depends entirely on the shape of the bottle in which it is installed.

#cork #foodscience #partytricks

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References:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260050002
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/wine/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Wine-Corks-PDF.pdf
http://ucanr.edu/repository/fileaccess.cfm?article=177564&p=SRYRYN

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14 0

Although the exact timeline of shaving isn’t clear, most experts and found artifacts suggest that shaving has been around since approximately 100,000 BC, when cavemen would eliminate hair from their body by pulling them out one at a time, even using rocks or shells like tweezers to speed the process.

The real history of shaving, however, doesn’t begin until we reach the Egyptian civilization, where the act of shaving made its real debut on the world stage. Egyptians had a powerful belief that body hair was a sign of uncleanliness, so both men and women engaged in the complete removal of hair from the body—head to toe! In some cases, caustic ingredients like quicklime and arsenic were used in these primitive depilatory creams and shaving lotions. Early razors also appeared around the time, with the rise in metalworking and mining in many areas of the world.

#historyofshaving #hygiene #bodyhairremoval

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References:
https://books.google.com/books?id=wx5JarSQnoEC
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00479.x
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088704qp006oa
http://creativematter.skidmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=art_his_fac_schol

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17 2

As children, we learn almost entirely through observation and mimicking. From laughter and walking to the use of objects and empathy, we often create the behavior of our lives based on what we witness in others. The same thing is true for food. Now, apply this same concept of “learned behavior” to our distant ancestors, thousands or even millions of years ago. For the vast majority of early human history, hominids were hunters and gatherers. This meant that they generally stayed in the same regions over multiple generations, only slowly exposing themselves and their offspring to different forms of flora and fauna.

Trial and error may seem like a rather random process for the survival of a species, but that same tradition/approach stretches back even further, through every mammal, reptile, fish and prokaryote on the planet. Back to the earliest bacterium, when they ingested a foreign macromolecule, it would have either killed them or not.

Those that survived and reproduced were those with the programmed sensitivity for certain compounds that were not fatal. When they reproduced, a similar proclivity for non-poisonous compounds would be passed along. This is rudimentary “trial and error”, but it can be extrapolated through all of life on the planet, a process that we can understand better through the lens of natural selection.

#survivalhacks #edible #ancienthistory

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References:
https://www.amazon.com/Human-Diet-Its-Origin-Evolution-ebook/dp/B000QCQVMI/ref=as_li_ss_tl
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.260368897
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381416
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.010

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/before-science-and-research-how-did-humans-know-what-to-eat-and-what-to-avoid.html

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20 2

Humans do not have equal finger lengths due to the evolutionary advantage it provided our ancestors in gripping and manipulating tools. Around 3 million years ago, our ancestors started using stone tools, which became more refined over time. Those with hands adapted for better grip and tool-making abilities had higher chances of survival. The modern human hand evolved with short palms, short fingers of varying lengths, enabling precision and power grips crucial for tool crafting and throwing.

Another theory reckons that our hands evolved to throw and hold things accurately. Human hands have short palms and short fingers with varying lengths. These proportions make it possible to grip things in two ways that other apes (mostly) cannot. Scientists believe using these tools has led to our unique grips and hand structure.

#humanevolution #primates #handanatomy

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References:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8717
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00944.x

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12 0

Your fingers curl inwards when you sleep because of the way the muscles in your arms relax and due to the length of the tendons that connect the bones in the finger to the muscles in the arm.

The movement of fingers, like any other body part, is controlled by muscles. All joints, bones, and tendons are moved due to muscle action. Performing any movement—picking up a pen, making a fist— requires various muscles to contract and relax.

Since sleeping is the ultimate form of relaxation, all the muscles in the palm and forearms are relaxed. This leads to the fingers being slightly curled.

#sleepscience #bodymysteries #curledfingers

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References:
https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5406
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279362/
https://www.joionline.net/library/show/muscles-in-the-finger/

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12 0

The song name is displayed on the radio with the help of a specific communications protocol called the Radio Data System, which embeds small bits of information in FM broadcast signals.

RDS allows broadcasters to send much more than just their analog audio signal through radio waves. Some of the most common types of transmitted information that RDS standardizes are time, station details, program and music information, and news and traffic bulletins.

#carradio #rds #techtunes

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References:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c7cbac00141bd19076b0be7376050e78068e6b8b
https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee179/labs/Lab5.html

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21 1

Amplitude Modulation, commonly abbreviated as AM, is a common method of broadcasting radio signals. This method dates back to the 1870s, i.e., the time when we first discovered that information in the form of audio production can be broadcast over long distances through radio waves.

Frequency Modulation, often referred to as FM, is another relatively newer method of modulation where the carrier wave is modified proportionally according to the input signal. In FM, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave is altered according to the amplitude of the input signal.

AM involves the alteration of the amplitude of the carrier wave, whereas FM involves changes in the frequency of the carrier wave. The typical frequency range in which AM works is 535 to 1705 Kilohertz, whereas the frequency range is around 88-108 Megahertz for FM.

#fmradio #modulation #amvsfm

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17 6